Refuel Your ADHD Brain with Better Breaks
Does having ADHD make you feel exhausted?
If so, you are not alone. People with ADHD use their brain’s energy a little differently than people without ADHD. Having ADHD means that your brain’s gas tank is a bit smaller and burns fuel more rapidly. Often, by late afternoon (or even mid-morning for some people!) your cognitive gas tank is running on empty. Russell Barkley, leading ADHD expert, describes re-fueling the cognitive gas tank as one of the most important strategies for ADHD. He explains that the energy that is consumed by our brains is a limited resource and needs to be replenished for us to keep moving. In his 2012 Burnett Lecture he told his audience, “The executive [function] system has a limited fuel tank and you can spend it out real quick. Every time you use an executive function, and you use it continuously, you empty the tank and you get to the bottom of the tank in the next situation, you will have no self-control.” This can happen very quickly, within minutes, when you have ADHD. So, you can be functioning quite well in your work, but rapidly decline if you aren’t refueling regularly.
Cognitive refueling
One of the most obvious ways to replenish your cognitive energy is to take breaks. This seems pretty intuitive, and, yet, for many clients I talk to, they either take the wrong kind of breaks or don’t take breaks at all.
One of the challenges with taking breaks is that by the time you need one, your brain is already tired. You have already arrived at the point of “no self-control” that Russell was telling us about. This makes it difficult to notice that you need a break, to decide whether or not you will take a break, and if you decide to take a break, to design a break that will be replenishing. This noticing, deciding, and designing (all executive functions) requires cognitive energy, the very thing you need to take a break to get more of.
The key is to avoid this situation by planning for your breaks in advance. Acknowledging your ADHD means taking intentional steps to refuel regularly. Schedule breaks into your day (every day!) or establish a routine of breaks that fit into your workday. This can happen during the planning process, which, of course, is easier said than done. Many of the professionals I work with argue with me about this strategy. They claim that once they are actually working on work, then they would do better to keep working, to “power through.” They worry that taking a break in this crucial period of productivity will lead them off course, making it impossible to restart their work. They do not trust themselves to return to work and have so much to do that they think taking a break too costly. But, the realities of the working brain will argue back. Even though you feel productive, the capacity to work diminishes and requires that you refuel. Powering through will keep you working, but you will increasingly get less done at a higher cost with a poorer work product. So, plan for breaks and plan for how to restart so that you can optimize the way your brain works at work.
But, even if you are willing to acknowledge that taking breaks might alleviate negative ADHD symptoms at work, how do you design breaks that are actually effective? Lucky for us, there is research to help.
What makes a better break?
What makes a better break – one that will fill your cognitive tank with useful metabolic energy? One study, Give me a better break: Choosing workday activities to maximize resource recovery, attempted to discover just that. Researchers surveyed 95 employees over a five-day work week, documenting each break they took. They analyzed the results of 959 records of breaks. What they discovered was not what you might expect. “Better breaks” were not taken when the workers were starting to get tired, when their tanks were running low. In fact, more recourse recovery occurred when the workers took their breaks early in the work period. So, rather than taking a break in the middle of the afternoon, they did better if they took a break in the mid-morning. Way before they were feeling run down.
Researchers also discovered that better breaks incorporated activities that employees preferred rather than activities that were given to them or assigned to them (click here to read more about this study). They expected to find that breaks were better if the employees did not do work-related tasks during breaks, but there was no evidence of this. It was the preference for the activity that gave them the greatest benefit. So, choosing something you want to do, whether work-related or not, seems to be the way to go.
The researchers were not able to pinpoint how long a break should be to maximize resource recovery, but they did find that shorter, more frequent breaks work better. That means that you have to plan for many more, shorter breaks than you thought you would. The “better break” study was not conducted with adults who have ADHD. But, the findings are consistent with ADHD-informed approaches to taking breaks. As Barkley tells us, “…you need to take 10-minute breaks very often. Indeed more often you need to break tasks down and take frequent breaks. Stop using the executive function system for a few minutes and give it a chance to refuel its fuel tank. This is why we talk about the 10 and 3 rule with ADHD children. 10 minutes of work, 3 minutes of break – 10 and 3 – 10 and 3. But you can’t do more than 10; you’re starting to empty the tank.” Barkley was talking about children in this example, but these children with ADHD grow up to be adults with ADHD, even lawyers, professors, consultants, accountants, researchers and other professionals with ADHD. I think it is valuable to notice how short his recommended work periods are for kids and consider how you might apply this idea to your own workday.
Over the years I have worked with clients with ADHD to co-design an ADHD-informed version of the “better break.” Some of this is informed by a research-based understanding of the ADHD brain, and some is simply from experimenting and finding what works best.
Suggested better breaks
Short breaks, more often.
You will have to determine the right interval for you through experimentation, but a good place to start for most lawyers is the Pomodoro method of 25 minutes working and 5 minutes of break. Without skipping.
Breaks earlier in the day or work period.
Schedule breaks into your morning. Don’t wait until the afternoon.
Breaks that switch from one cognitive mode to another.
For example, if you have been doing a lot of reading, switch to a non-reading task.
Breaks that incorporate preferred activities.
Write a list of good breaks – things you prefer – to refer to when it is break time.
Breaks that avoid emotionally loaded activities.
Some tasks have the potential to become emotionally charged, like social media, reading the news, or email, which could have negative surprises lurking. Avoid those while taking breaks.
Breaks that reward work achievements.
For example, writing a list of things you have done, or crossing to-dos off your list.
Quiet breaks that incorporate relaxation, meditation, or positive visualizations.
It can help to have a go-to activity, like a favorite guided meditation, or a favorite way to visualize something that makes you calm or happy.
Breaks that are physically active.
That get you up and moving, touching, smelling, talking – active. Stretch, hit a golf ball, do some jumping jacks, smell an essential oil.
Breaks that include refueling your metabolic needs.
By getting a drink that has some sugar or an easy-to-digest snack. Contrary to legend, sugar will help your executive functions refuel, in the short term.
Time-bounded breaks.
Make sure you aren’t starting a new game that could potentially last hours. Be careful to avoid Internet “rabbit holes” that could lead you into an entire afternoon of “research.” Keep your activities time-bounded by choosing short activities or setting a timer.
When designing your breaks, try to remember that you are not simply being kind to yourself, as if taking breaks is a luxury for you. This viewpoint might lead you to think that taking breaks is not as important as it really is. When you have ADHD, taking intentional breaks is an essential part of cognitively refueling so that your brain works at work.
References:
Adhd Videos. (2012). This is how you treat ADHD based off science, Dr Russell Barkley part of 2012 Burnett Lecture. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tpB-B8BXk0
Hunter, E. M., & Wu, C. (2016). Give me a better break: Choosing workday break activities to maximize resource recovery. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000045
New Research Confirms How to Take Better Workday Breaks. (2015, September 9). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https://www.baylor.edu/mediacommunications/news.php?action=story&story=159785